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1. What does Grendel's relationship with nature -- the ram, the sky, grass, the doe, the baby bird, owls, and wolves -- reveal about his own personality?  2. Quote the various phrases Grendel uses to describe himself. What do they reveal about his self-image and how it was developed?  3. What is the significance of the scene wherein Grendel challenges the "dark chasms"?  4. What does Grendel mean when he speaks of "playing cat and mouse with the universe"? What does it mean to "see all life without observing it"?  5. Describe Grendel's mother and his relationship with her.  6. From Grendel's point of view, what is man?  1. In a flashback to his early childhood, what is Grendel's relationship with the "large old shapes" and with his mother?  2. What is the significance of the scene wherein Grendel catches his foot in the crack in the tree trunks and is attacked by a bull?  <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. What does Grendel mean when he says "there was nothing, or, rather, there was everything but my mother"? How is this a loss of innocence? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. Explain what Grendel means when he says, "I create the whole universe, blink by blink." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. How does Grendel's first meeting with men affect him? Why does he fear them more than he fears the bull? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. How is Grendel's world view and self-concept affected by his experience with men? How does this event affect his relationship with the "old shapes" and with his mother? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. Explain the meaning of "the world is all pointless accident." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. As a detached observer, what does Grendel learn about Hrothgar and his theories? What shocks Grendel about man's behavior to other men and to nature? Why does Grendel fear Hrothgar? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. Why is Grendel so impressed and affected by the Shaper? Why does he fear the Shaper? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. According to Grendel, what is the truth about poetry? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. Why does Grendel scream "Lost!" and crawl on all fours as the chapter ends? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. How can mortality be the creation of the Shaper? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. Why does Hrothgar build Heorot, the Hall of the Hart? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. What is the power of the "projected possible"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. How does the story of Cain and Abel affect Grendel? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. What is Grendel's "conversion"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. What is "the presence" Grendel feels in the darkness? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. Why not? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. Why does Grendel visit the dragon? What does the dragon tell him about himself and about the "word"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. How does the dragon's mind differ from Grendel's and from men's? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. From the dragon's point of view, what is man? What is man's mind? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. How does the dragon explain the role of the Shaper? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. **Explain the following statements made by the dragon:** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. In his attempt to explain the difference between Importance and Expression to Grendel, the dragon uses the examples of the difference between vegetables and animals and the difference between an angry man and a rock. Explain. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. How does Grendel "improve" men? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">8. What is the dragon's ambition? His final advice? His motto? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">9. How is Grendel "caged in a limited mind"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. How is the dragon's charm a curse? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. How does Grendel now react to the Shaper's song? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. How is Grendel "transformed" by his first raid on Heorot? In what sense does he "become" himself? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. According to Unferth, what is heroism? What is poetry? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. Why doesn't Grendel kill Unferth? And why is Unferth so bitter? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. Who or what is the dragon? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. What is Grendel's law? What does it mean? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. How is Wealtheow like the Shaper's songs? How is she different? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. Why doesn't Grendel rape, torture, and murder Wealtheow? Or does he? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. What does Grendel mean by "balance is everything"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. What is "meaning as quality"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. What is the parallel between Wealtheow and Grendel's mother? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. What has happened to Unferth? How does the Queen affect him? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. What threats surround Hrothgar after Hrothulf's arrival? How is Hrothulf like a scorpion? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. What is Grendel's Theorum? What does it mean? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. How can violence be creative? What do Grendel and Red Horse have to say about violence and "legitimate force"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. Describe Red Horse's political ideology. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. What is the meaning of the "horrible dream which Grendel imputes to Hrothgar"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. How can the old king Hrothgar be a giant? In what ways is he like Job? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. What ironies occur in this section? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. How can Time be inside the hunter and the hart? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. What is Grendel's opinion of religion? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. What is the significance of Grendel's encounter with Ork? What does Ork have to say about the King of the Gods and about the nature of Evil? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. Why is Grendel so disgusted by the speeches of the Fourth Priest? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. Explain the saying "Tedium is the worst pain." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. Why is Grendel so frightened and so infuriated by the goat? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. How does the Shaper's death affect Grendel? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. What is "the pastness of the past"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. How has Grendel's mother changed? What is their relationship now? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. Who is the other monster Grendel meets on the moors? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. Explain "Nihil ex nihilo, I always say." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. How does Grendel perceive Beowulf and the Geats? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. In what ways are Beowulf and Grendel alike? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. What has Grendel come to understand about the "dark realities" of self and the world? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. What does Grendel mean when he says he has seen "the vision of the dragon"? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. How does Grendel divide the world? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. Explain the saying "Things fade; alternatives exclude." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. What happens when Unferth challenges Beowulf about Breca? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">8. How does the Queen respond to Beowulf? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. How and why is Grendel defeated? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. How do illusion and words help cause Grendel's death? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. Why does Beowulf make Grendel sing of walls? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. How does this last chapter echo lines, events, characters, and images from early chapters? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. Explain Grendel's last words: "Poor Grendel's had an accident. . . So may you all." <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1. How does the narrative point of view function in this story? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">2. Are there any authorial intrusions in this story? If so, how do they function? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">3. In what ways does the story Grendel differ from Beowulf? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">4. In what ways do Grendel and Beowulf complement each other? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">5. What is the truth about heroes and heroic action from Grendel's point of view? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">6. What moral, philosophical, or metaphysical observations about human and/or monstrous existence are made in Grendel? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">7. What is the "heroic vision" of this story? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">8. Does the fact that Grendel is told from the monster's point of view qualify the story in any way? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">9. How is the zodiac used as a structure for the book? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Critical Essay on **//Grendel//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">. //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Questions on the book - ****//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt;">Grendel //**
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Ashley: Answer at least three questions from Chapters 1 and 2 and then answer Question #3 from each of the following chapters. If I have not seen significant work added here before next Friday, your name will be dropped from the honors list. **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 1: Aries, the Ram **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 2: Taurus, the Bull **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 3: Gemini, the Twins **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 4: Cancer, the Crab **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 5: Leo, the Lion **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">a **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">. //"Knowledge is not cause."//
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">b **//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">. "Connectedness is the essence of everything." //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">c. **//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> "The essence of life is to be found in the frustrations of established order." //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">d **//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">. "Novel order (is) a primary requisite for important experience." //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">e **//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">. "Importance is derived from the immanence of infinitude in the finite." //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">f. **//<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> "Expression is founded on the finite occasion. It is the activity of infinitude impressing itself on its environment." //
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Chapter 6: Virgo, the Harvest Virgin **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Chapter 7: Libra, the Balance **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 8: Scorpio, the Scorpion **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 9: Sagittarius, the Hunter **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 10: Capricorn, the Goat **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 11: Aquarius, the Water-bearer **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Chapter 12: Pisces, the Fish **
 * __<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">General Questions: __**